Egypt: Engineering an Empire Page #3

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somehow important ...

for everything to work properly.

Tombs are stone houses,

underground homes ...

because you will live there

after death.

It is your home after death.

Initially, the tombs of the Pharaohs ...

were simple brick structures

called "Mastabas."

They consisted of

two main elements.

a superstructure

rectangular surface ...

that could be visited

by priests and loved ones ...

and a sub-chamber

sealed and underground.

These chambers housed

the sarcophagus of King ...

and all he could

need in eternity.

and all he Could

need in eternity.

They clearly believed

who would live ...

the underground parts of the tombs.

As their graves

became more sophisticated ...

pharaohs began building

separate altars ...

so that the priests

worship their spirits.

It was the first step in the evolution

the royal tombs ...

mere mastabas

the colossal complex that still ...

dominate the Egyptian desert:

The Pyramids.

In total, the ancient Egyptians

erected over a hundred.

Eighty still standing and contain stone

and mortar sufficient to ...

build a wall of 3m high

by 1.5 m thick ...

New York to Los Angeles.

The volume of rock that was brought

from quarries all over Egypt ...

placed, neat and

positioned at the construction site ...

and the whole organization was

required for this ...

is in my opinion,

awesome for us.

Today, the pyramids remain

the biggest attraction of antiquity.

But there were successes sudden.

It took six Pharaohs

four generations of builders ...

and many engineering disasters

to achieve such perfect proportions.

The pyramid builders

began their search ...

the architectural perfection

in a place called Saqqara.

It was there, in the year of 2667 A.C. ...

that Zoser, a pharaoh

young entrepreneur ...

first ordered superstructure

Stone world.

Your project tomb solidify

the position of Egypt ...

how civilization

world's most advanced ...

and raise his pioneering architect

the status of a god.

2667 a. C...

In Egypt a new king was crowned.

Zoser was the second ruler

the period of the Old Empire.

Zoser earned reputation

of wise and pious ruler.

Two millennia after his death ...

he remained a model

to be imitated by the pharaohs.

During his reign,

was so popular ...

which ceased to be a mere mortal

in the minds of his subjects ...

and became the first pharaoh

to be worshiped as God.

He was worshiped later

the 19th Dynasty as ...

"He who Opens the Stone"

which is quite significant.

They made a connection between

Zoser and the discovery of the stone.

One of the first acts of Zoser

when he took power ...

was ordering the construction

his tomb complex ...

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