Stem Cell Universe with Stephen Hawking Page #2
- TV-PG
- Year:
- 2014
- 60 min
- 174 Views
it starts to look like
an embryonic stem cell.
And the only difference now between
this and an embryonic stem cell
is that it has your DNA in it.
The four genes
inserted into the cell
create four proteins that exist
naturally in an egg.
Those proteins appear to trigger
skin cell DNA
to arrange itself
just the way it is
in an embryonic stem cell.
Kristin was not the first
which scientists call
induced pluripotent stem cells,
or IPS cells.
But Kristin
was the first to explore
whether these manufactured
stem cells
are really the same
as the natural versions.
or embryonic stem cell
should be able to make
all the cell types that you want
equally well
and at the same time,
not make unwanted cell types...
In particular, cancer.
But some of the cells
actually fail to make
cell types that you'd like
and others
and this is a worry.
So, what we are working on
is to try to find a way
to either improve
the way we make the cells
so that they're all
the first kind, the good kind,
or to find a way to test
for the differences
and identify
the ones that will be bad.
Kristin and her research team
took some skin cells from a mouse
and turned them
From them,
they grew thousands of colonies
of different adult tissue types.
Eventually, after months
of exhaustive screening,
Kristin identified
and seemed to be moldable
into any cell type.
So, now that we've made
the IPS cells,
we'd like to make them into
specific cell types in a dish,
especially those which
are useful for us in medicine.
One type of cell that we can't
get from people is a heart cell,
so we can see if we could
turn the IPS cells
So, in fact, when we do this,
we can make heart cells.
So that's great.
Another type of cell
we'd like to make
are brain cells, neurons,
because we can't get those
from people.
And so, we ask the IPS cells,
"can you make neurons
in a dish?"
And, in fact, they can.
But Kristin wasn't content with
making a few key cell types.
She wanted to put her IPS cells
to the ultimate test.
What we wanted to do
is take the IPS cells
and try to make
a whole organism out of those.
And so, to do that,
we wanted to make a mouse.
What we did is we took
the IPS cells
and we then put them
into a pregnant female,
and we waited.
And when the mouse
had its babies,
much to our surprise,
we found live mice
came only from the IPS cells.
So now, this mouse is a clone
of the original mouse
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"Stem Cell Universe with Stephen Hawking" Scripts.com. STANDS4 LLC, 2024. Web. 29 Mar. 2024. <https://www.scripts.com/script/stem_cell_universe_with_stephen_hawking_18856>.
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